Article 1664 Cases (1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:

(a) when the States are Contracting States; or

(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.

(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.

(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.

Number	Issue	# Cases
1	Material scope of application	2
1.1	Contract of sale of goods	20
1.1.1	Civil or commercial character of the contract not relevant	0
1.1.2	Contracts for the sale of software	5
1.1.3	Contracts similar to contract of sale	1
1.1.3.1	Distributorship agreements	27
1.1.3.2	Other cases (barter, counter-trade, works contracts, etc.)	11
1.2	Parties with places of business in different States	51
1.2.1	Concept of place of business	3
1.2.2	Concept of different States	3
1.2.2.1	Undisclosed foreign principal	0
2	Territorial scope of application	15
2.1	Parties situated in Contracting States	383
Country Date Court Albania 11-09-2014 Court of Appeal of Tirana Cases: 1 Arbitral Award 00-00-1992 ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris Arbitral Award 00-00-1993 ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris Arbitral Award 00-00-1994 ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris Arbitral Award 00-00-1994 ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris Arbitral Award 17-11-1995 Hungarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Court of Arbitration Arbitral Award 24-04-1996 Bulgarska turgosko-promishlena palata (Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) Arbitral Award 23-01-1997 ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris Arbitral Award 10-12-1997 Schiedsgericht der Börse für Landwirtschaftliche Produkte - Wien Arbitral Award 12-02-1998 Bulgarska turgosko-promishlena palata (Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) Arbitral Award 29-12-1998 Schiedsgericht Hamburger Freundschaftliche Arbitrage Arbitral Award 07-04-1999 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Arbitral Award 01-02-2000 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Arbitral Award 13-06-2000 Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Arbitral Award 10-06-2002 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Arbitral Award 00-00-2003 ICC International Court of Arbitration Arbitral Award 30-01-2007 International Arbitration Court of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation Arbitral Award 01-02-2007 International Arbitration Court of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation Arbitral Award 18-04-2008 CIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Arbitral Award 26-12-2014 China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Arbitral Award 14-02-2018 Madrid Court of Arbitration Arbitral Award 26-12-2022 Madrid International Arbitration Centre Cases: 21 Argentina 20-05-1991 Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial No. 7 Argentina 16-10-2013 Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Comercial Cases: 2 Australia 28-04-1995 Federal Court, South Australia District Adelaide Australia 24-05-2004 Supreme Court of Western Australia Australia 28-09-2010 Federal Court of Australia Cases: 3 Austria 27-10-1994 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 10-11-1994 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 20-03-1997 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 18-06-1997 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 08-09-1997 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 11-09-1997 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 25-06-1998 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 10-09-1998 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 29-06-1999 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 13-04-2000 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 28-04-2000 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 05-07-2001 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 07-03-2002 Oberlandesgericht Graz Austria 29-07-2004 Oberlandesgericht Graz Austria 26-01-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 26-04-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 23-05-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 24-05-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 21-06-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 31-08-2005 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 23-01-2006 Oberlandesgericht Linz Austria 12-09-2006 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 19-12-2007 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 31-08-2010 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 22-11-2011 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 13-12-2012 Oberster Gerichtshof Austria 16-12-2015 Oberster Gerichtshof Cases: 27 Belarus 17-04-2003 Economic Court of the Vitebsk Region Belarus 20-05-2003 Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of Belarus Belarus 20-05-2003 Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of Belarus Belarus 10-02-2010 International Court of Arbitration at the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Belarus 26-05-2011 International Court of Arbitration at the Belarusian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Belarus 18-12-2019 Supreme Court of Belarus Belarus 07-02-2023 Economic Court of Vitebsk Region Cases: 7 Belgium 19-05-1999 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt Belgium 20-10-2000 Tribunal de Commerce, Charleroi Belgium 29-01-2001 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Ieper Belgium 03-10-2001 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Kortrijk Belgium 18-01-2002 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Mechelen Belgium 12-05-2003 Hof van Beroep, Gent Belgium 25-02-2004 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt Belgium 20-09-2005 Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt Belgium 06-06-2024 Court of Cassation of Belgium Cases: 9 Brazil 09-05-2019 Court of Appeal, State of Santa Catarina Cases: 1 Canada 16-12-1998 Ontario Court (General Division) Canada 31-08-1999 Ontario Superior Court of Justice Canada 06-10-2003 Ontario Supreme Court of Justice Canada 14-11-2003 Ontario Superior Court of Justice Canada 04-05-2004 Court of Appeal of Manitoba Canada 28-10-2005 Ontario Superior Court of Justice Cases: 6 Chile 22-02-2018 1 Juzgado Civil de Puerto Montt Cases: 1 China 17-12-1999 Rizhao Intermediate People's Court, Shandong Province China 25-12-2008 Shanghai First Intermediate People's Court China 19-03-2009 Shanghai First Intermediate Court China 25-11-2013 High People’s Court of Tianjin Municipality China 27-12-2013 Zhejiang High People’s Court China 30-04-2014 Supreme Court of the People’s Republic of China China 30-06-2014 Supreme Court of the People's Republic of China China 20-08-2014 High People’s Court of Zhejiang Province China 20-04-2017 Tianjin High People’s Court China 16-07-2018 People’s Court Shanghai Changning District China 07-11-2018 Intermediate People’s Court Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province China 24-12-2018 Higher People's Court Jiangsu Province China 15-08-2019 Hunan Changsha Tianxin District People’s Court China 25-08-2022 Intermediate People's Court Ningbo, Zhejiang Province China 16-02-2023 Zhejiang Province Higher People’s Court China 16-05-2023 Beijing City Intermediate People’s Court No. 4 China 27-06-2023 People's Republic of China: Pudong New District People’s Court, Shanghai China 31-07-2023 Higher People’s Court of Zhejiang Province China 13-02-2025 Shanghai International Commercial Court Cases: 19 Croatia 26-07-2005 High Commercial Court Croatia 19-12-2006 High Commercial Court Croatia 11-07-2007 High Commercial Court Croatia 04-03-2008 High Commercial Court Cases: 4 Czech Republic 29-03-2006 Supreme Court of the Czech Republic Cases: 1 Denmark 21-12-2004 Vestre Landsret (Western High Court Denmark 07-12-2012 District Court Horsens Denmark 15-09-2015 SØ- & Handelsretten Domorg (Maritime and Commercial Court) Cases: 3 Egypt 03-10-1995 CRCICA, Cairo Egypt 23-12-2018 Supreme Court Egypt 23-06-2020 Supreme Court Cases: 3 Estonia 19-02-2004 Tallinna Ringkonnakohus Cases: 1 Finland 18-02-1997 Court of Appeal, Turku Finland 12-04-2002 Court of Appeal of Turku Finland 18-12-2013 Turku Court of Appeal Cases: 3 France 22-02-1995 Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale France 26-02-1995 Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale France 29-03-1995 Cour d'Appel de Grenoble, Chambre Commerciale France 13-12-1995 Cour d'Appel de Paris France 23-01-1996 Cour de Cassation France 02-12-1997 Cour de Cassation France 18-03-1998 Cour d'Appel de Paris, 1ére chambre, section D France 21-10-1999 Cour d'Appel de Grenoble France 30-01-2001 Court d'Appel d'Amiens France 29-03-2001 Cour d'Appel d'Orléans France 12-06-2001 Cour d'Appel de Colmar France 02-10-2001 Cour de Cassation France 28-11-2002 Court d'Appel de Versailles France 18-12-2003 Cour d'Appel de Lyon France 26-10-2004 Cour d'Appel de Poitiers France 23-11-2004 Tribunal de Grande Instance de Versailles France 25-02-2005 Cour d'Appel de Paris France 04-10-2005 Cour de Cassation France 27-09-2007 Cour d'Appel d'Amiens France 27-05-2008 Court d'Appel de Rennes France 03-11-2009 Cour de Cassation France 12-03-2010 Tribunal de Commerce - Versailles France 08-11-2011 Cour de Cassation France 07-02-2012 Cour de Cassation France 04-09-2012 Cour d'Appel de Reims France 27-11-2012 Cour de Cassation France 12-09-2013 Cour d'appel Bordeaux France 03-10-2013 Cour d'appel de Rouen France 06-11-2013 Cour d'appel de Colmar France 06-02-2014 Cour d'appel de Douai France 27-05-2014 Cour de Cassation France 27-11-2014 Cour d'appel d'Aix-en-Provence France 07-01-2016 Cour d'appel de Bourges France 18-10-2017 Cour d'appel de Colmar France 09-07-2019 Cour de Cassation France 26-10-2022 Cour de Cassation France 26-10-2022 Cour of Cassation France 17-05-2023 Cour de Cassation France 07-02-2024 Cour d'appel de Paris Cases: 39 Germany 03-07-1992 Landgericht Heidelberg Germany 16-09-1992 Landgericht Berlin Germany 30-09-1992 Landgericht Berlin Germany 14-10-1992 Amtsgericht Zweibrücken Germany 28-04-1993 Landgericht Krefeld Germany 14-05-1993 Landgericht Aachen Germany 18-01-1994 Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main Germany 04-03-1994 Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main Germany 14-06-1994 Amtsgericht Nordhorn Germany 25-10-1994 Landgericht Darmstadt Germany 09-11-1994 Landgericht Oldenburg Germany 08-02-1995 Oberlandesgericht Hamm Germany 08-02-1995 Oberlandesgericht München Germany 08-02-1995 Oberlandesgericht München Germany 15-02-1995 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 15-02-1995 Landgericht Oldenburg Germany 08-03-1995 Oberlandesgericht München Germany 08-03-1995 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 05-04-1995 Landgericht Landshut Germany 21-08-1995 Landgericht Ellwangen Germany 06-10-1995 Amtsgericht Kehl Germany 11-10-1995 Landgericht Düsseldorf Germany 12-10-1995 Landgericht Trier Germany 11-07-1996 Oberlandesgericht Düsseldorf Germany 04-07-1997 Oberlandesgericht Hamburg Germany 15-09-1997 Landgericht Heilbronn Germany 24-03-1998 Landgericht Berlin Germany 26-05-1998 Thüringener Oberlandesgericht Germany 24-03-1999 Landgericht Flensburg Germany 27-12-1999 Oberlandesgericht Dresden Germany 13-04-2000 Amtsgericht Duisburg Germany 09-01-2002 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 29-01-2004 Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main Germany 30-06-2004 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 15-09-2004 Oberlandsgericht München Germany 20-12-2004 Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart Germany 02-03-2005 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 03-08-2005 Landgericht Neubrandeburg Germany 11-01-2006 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 24-05-2006 Oberlandesgericht Köln Germany 27-11-2007 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 05-03-2008 Oberlandesgericht München Germany 31-03-2008 Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart Germany 26-09-2012 Bundesgerichtshof Germany 13-02-2013 Oberlandesgericht Naumburg Germany 24-09-2014 Bundesgerichshof Germany 25-03-2015 Bundesgerichshof Germany 26-11-2020 Bundesgerichtshof Cases: 48 Greece 27-11-2007 Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis Greece 00-00-2009 Multi-Member Court of First Instance of Athens Greece 03-11-2017 Monomeles Protodiketo Thessalonikis Cases: 3 Hungary 24-03-1992 Metropolitan Court of Budapest Hungary 21-05-1996 Metropolitan Court of Budapest Hungary 05-03-2014 Budapest Environs Regional Court Cases: 3 Italy 12-07-2000 Tribunale di Vigevano Italy 26-11-2002 Tribunale di Rimini Italy 20-04-2004 Corte Suprema di Cassazione, Sez.Un. Italy 11-01-2005 Tribunale di Padova - Sez. Este Italy 21-11-2007 Tribunale di Rovereto Italy 11-12-2008 Tribunale di Forlì Italy 27-01-2009 Tribunale di Bolzano Italy 16-02-2009 Tribunale di Forlì Italy 12-11-2012 Tribunale di Forlì Italy 24-01-2014 Tribunale di Trento Italy 05-07-2019 Tribunale di Pisa Italy 14-02-2020 Corte di Cassazione Italy 24-11-2020 Corte Suprema di Cassazione Italy 12-12-2022 Corte Suprema di Cassazione Italy 31-01-2023 Tribunale di Napoli Nord Italy 08-05-2023 Corte di Appello di Brescia Cases: 16 Japan 06-12-2018 Tokyo Chiho Saibansho [District Court] Japan 03-06-2019 Tokyo Chiho Saibansho [District Court] Japan 16-06-2020 Tokyo Chiho Saibansho [District Court] Japan 08-12-2020 Tokyo Chiho Saibansho [District Court] Cases: 4 Mexico 04-05-1993 COMPROMEX, Comisión para la Protección del Comercio Exterior de Mexico Mexico 24-03-2006 Tribunal de Apelación de Baja California Mexico 03-10-2006 Juzgado Primero Civil de primera instancia del Distrito Judicial de Lerma de Villalba, Estado de México Cases: 3 Netherlands 06-05-1994 Arrondissementsrechtbank Hertogenbosch Netherlands 15-06-1994 Arrondissementsrechtbank Amsterdam Netherlands 26-10-1994 Gerechtshof's Hertogenbosch Netherlands 04-02-2005 Hoge Raad Netherlands 18-07-2006 Gerechtshof Arnhem Netherlands 02-01-2007 Gerechtshof's-Hertogenbosch Netherlands 17-01-2007 Rechtbank Arnhem Netherlands 29-05-2007 Gerechtshof's Hertogenbosch Netherlands 18-07-2007 Rechtbank Utrecht Netherlands 21-01-2009 Rechtbank Utrecht Netherlands 25-02-2009 Rechtbank Rotterdam Netherlands 09-03-2010 Gerechtshof's-Arnhem Netherlands 28-11-2012 Rechtbank Rotterdam Netherlands 22-04-2014 Court of Appeal, the Hague Netherlands 25-03-2015 Rechtbank Midden-Nederland Netherlands 17-04-2015 Hoge Raad Netherlands 23-03-2016 Rechtbank Overijssel Netherlands 05-01-2022 Rechtbank Noord-Holland Netherlands 15-02-2023 Rechtbank Rotterdam Netherlands 04-11-2025 Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden Cases: 20 New Zealand 30-07-2010 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 03-06-2017 High Court – Auckland Cases: 2 Poland 20-11-2008 Warsaw Court of Appeal Poland 11-12-2008 Supreme Court of Poland Poland 05-09-2012 Court of Appeals in Katowice Poland 25-10-2012 Court of Appeals in Gdańsk Poland 07-02-2013 Szczecin Court of Appeal Poland 22-10-2014 Supreme Court of Poland Poland 17-02-2016 Lodz Court of Appeal Poland 03-03-2016 Poznan Court of Appeal Poland 25-01-2017 Białystok Court of Appeal Poland 02-06-2017 Supreme Court Poland 30-05-2018 Białystok Court of Appeal Poland 27-11-2018 Szczecin Court of Appeal Cases: 12 Republic of Korea 05-12-2008 Seoul Central District Court Republic of Korea 19-12-2008 Seoul Central District Court Republic of Korea 23-02-2009 Seoul High Court Republic of Korea 23-07-2009 Seoul High Court Republic of Korea 13-04-2010 Suwon District Court Republic of Korea 29-04-2010 Daegu District Court Republic of Korea 14-10-2010 Seoul High Court Republic of Korea 24-06-2016 Seoul Central District Court Republic of Korea 27-03-2025 Supreme Court Cases: 9 Russian Federation 02-02-2000 Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Russian Federation 27-04-2005 Tribunal of Int'l Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce Russian Federation 13-05-2008 International Court of Arbitration of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the Russian Federation Russian Federation 19-12-2008 International Court of Arbitration of the Chamber of Industry and Commerce of the Russian Federation Russian Federation 14-02-2012 Tenth Arbitration Appeal Court- Moscow Russian Federation 03-12-2014 Tribunal of Int'l Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce Cases: 6 Slovakia 05-02-2008 District Court - Bardejov Slovakia 12-11-2008 Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic Slovakia 24-02-2009 District Court Komarno Slovakia 12-03-2009 District Court Komarno Cases: 4 Slovenia 14-12-2005 Ljubljana High Court Slovenia 09-04-2008 Ljubljana High Court Slovenia 01-07-2013 Ljubljana Arbitration Centre Slovenia 26-11-2014 High Court of Ljubljana Slovenia 10-05-2017 High Court of Ljubljana Slovenia 05-01-2021 High Court of Ljubljana Cases: 6 Spain 29-03-2005 Juzgado de primera instancia - Tudela Spain 26-09-2005 Audiencia Provincial de Palencia Spain 22-05-2006 Juzgado de Primer Instancia, n. 3 de Badalona Spain 06-11-2006 Audiencia Provincial de Girona Spain 22-03-2007 Audiencia Provincial de Madrid Spain 23-10-2007 Juzgado de Primera Instancia - La Laguna Spain 17-01-2008 Tribunal Supremo Spain 08-04-2008 Audiencia Provincial de Valencia Spain 14-07-2009 Audiencia Provincial de Madrid Spain 16-02-2012 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Provincial High Court Spain 01-07-2013 Tribunal Supremo Spain 18-07-2013 Audencia Provincial de Barcelona Spain 13-05-2014 Audiencia Provincial, Barcelona Spain 17-02-2015 Audiencia Provincial de Madrid Spain 06-04-2015 Audencia Provincial de Valladolid (Section 1) Spain 21-01-2016 Audiencia Provincial de Girona Spain 10-03-2016 Audencia Provincial - Pontevedra Spain 07-12-2016 Audencia Provincial - Cadiz Spain 17-12-2019 Ad hoc Arbitration Spain 06-07-2020 Tribunal Supremo Cases: 20 Sweden 10-06-2016 Swedish Supreme Court Cases: 1 Switzerland 09-09-1993 Handelsgericht Zürich Switzerland 06-12-1993 Tribunal Cantonal de Vaud Switzerland 29-06-1994 Tribunal Cantonal Valais Switzerland 20-12-1994 Tribunal Cantonal Valais Switzerland 26-04-1995 Handelsgericht Zürich Switzerland 20-02-1997 Bezirksgericht der Saane Switzerland 19-12-1997 Handelsgericht des Kantons Aargau Switzerland 29-06-1998 Tribunal Cantonal de Sion Switzerland 21-09-1998 Handelsgericht des Kantons Zürich Switzerland 11-06-1999 Handelsgericht des Kantons Aargau Switzerland 29-10-2003 Tribunale d'Appello di Lugano Switzerland 13-01-2004 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 19-02-2004 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 07-07-2004 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 05-04-2005 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 19-09-2005 Tribunal Cantonal Valais Switzerland 10-10-2005 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 22-12-2005 Handelsgericht Zürich Switzerland 28-01-2009 Tribunal cantonal du Valais Switzerland 18-05-2009 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 16-12-2009 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 17-12-2009 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 29-02-2016 Cour d'appel Tribunal Cantonal Vaud Switzerland 28-05-2019 Schweizerisches Bundesgericht Switzerland 03-11-2023 Handelsgericht des Kantons St. Gallen Cases: 25 USA 06-12-1995 U.S. Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit USA 28-10-1998 U.S. District Court, N.D., Illinois, Eastern Division USA 09-03-1999 State of Minnesota, County of Hennepin District Court, Fourth Judicial District USA 30-01-2001 U.S. District Court, N.D., California USA 17-12-2001 U.S. District Court, S.D., Michigan USA 21-06-2002 U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit USA 29-01-2003 U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division USA 05-05-2003 U.S. Circuit Court of Appeal (9th Circuit) USA 06-07-2004 U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, East. Div. USA 19-03-2005 U.S. District Court, E.D., New York USA 23-05-2005 U.S. Court of Appeals (7th Circuit) USA 07-02-2006 U.S. District Court, Southern District, Texas, Houston Division USA 04-04-2006 U.S. District Court, New Jersey USA 13-04-2006 U.S. District Court, Western District Washington at Tacoma USA 12-09-2006 U.S. Court of Appeals (11th Circuit) USA 10-10-2006 U.S. District Court, Ohio USA 31-01-2007 U.S. District Court, Minnesota USA 19-07-2007 U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York USA 19-07-2007 U.S. Court of Appeals (3rd Circuit) USA 16-11-2007 U.S. Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit USA 28-04-2008 U.S. District Court, District of Kansas USA 09-05-2008 U.S. District Court, Delaware USA 20-08-2008 U.S. District Court, New York (Southern District) USA 15-04-2009 U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey USA 29-05-2009 U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York USA 23-12-2009 U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas, Western Division USA 21-01-2010 U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California USA 31-03-2010 U.S. District Court, M.D. Alabama, Eastern Division USA 06-07-2010 United States District Court for the District of Colorado USA 21-07-2010 U.S. Court of Appeals (3rd Circuit) USA 29-01-2011 U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania USA 08-02-2011 U.S. District Court, District of Maryland USA 10-09-2013 U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania USA 12-03-2015 U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York USA 23-03-2015 U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York USA 19-01-2016 U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania USA 09-09-2016 U.S. District Court, Delaware USA 31-03-2017 U.S. District Court, Northern District Illinois USA 09-02-2018 U.S. District Court, Minnesota USA 09-05-2018 U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit USA 31-03-2021 U.S. District Court, California USA 13-05-2021 U.S. District Court, Delaware USA 20-09-2021 U.S. District Court, Texas USA 21-11-2022 U.S. District Court for the Western District of North Carolina USA 11-04-2023 U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota USA 04-03-2024 District Court Middle District of Florida USA 17-12-2024 U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas USA 11-04-2025 U.S. Court of Appeals (7th Circuit) USA 12-12-2025 U.S. District Court for the Central District of California Cases: 49 Vietnam 16-03-2022 Binh Duong Province People Court Cases: 1
2.2	Application of law of Contracting State based on rules of private international law	108
2.2.1	Application of Convention based on choice of parties	22
2.2.2	Choice of the law of Contracting State as governing law of contract	71
3	Convention as 'lex mercatoria'	13

Article 218 Cases

Article 352 Cases

Article 4163 Cases

Article 51 Cases

Article 685 Cases

Article 7222 Cases

Article 897 Cases

Article 956 Cases

Article 1010 Cases

Article 1136 Cases

Article 127 Cases

Article 132 Cases

Article 1450 Cases

Article 150 Cases

Article 163 Cases

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Article 1883 Cases

Article 1952 Cases

Article 200 Cases

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Article 25102 Cases

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Article 279 Cases

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Article 35148 Cases

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Article 370 Cases

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Article 4410 Cases

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Article 559 Cases

Article 560 Cases

Article 5771 Cases

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Article 608 Cases

Article 6128 Cases

Article 6227 Cases

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Article 651 Cases

Article 664 Cases

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Article 680 Cases

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Article 10022 Cases

Article 1010 Cases

Total Cases in the database 3852