Subjects

Subject Articles
ACCEPTANCE
acceptance with modifications, modified acceptance 19    
battle of forms 19    
counter offer 19    
delay in transmission 21    
is nevertheless effective 21    
letter of confirmation, writings in confirmation, Bestätigungsschreiben 9    9    9    
material modifications, non material modifications 19    
acknowledgment of receipt of offer, does not constitute acceptance 18    
by conduct 18    
late acceptance 21    21    
of an oral offer 18    
PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTION, OFFER
requirements 18    
see COMMUNICATIONS, FORMATION OF CONTRACT, GAPS IN CONVENTION, GENERAL
silence or inactivity 18    
time limits 20    
time of effectiveness 24    24    
withdrawal of acceptance 22    
ADDITIONAL PERIOD OF TIME
damages for delay in performance 63    63    
fixed by the buyer 47    
fixed by the seller 63    
see AVOIDANCE, BREACH OF CONTRACT, DAMAGES
AGREEMENT TO ARBITRATE
application of Convention to determine existence 1    
ALIUD PRO ALIO 35    
see also CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS
ANTICIPATORY BREACH
see AVOIDANCE, SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION
autonomy of the parties 6    
conclusion of contract before entry into force 100    
material scope of Convention 7    
agreements to agree, Vorvertrag, contratto preliminare 7    
by virtue of rules of private international law 1    
contract of sale of goods 1    
barter, counter-trade transactions 1    
contracts for supply of goods to be assembled 3    
contracts for supply of goods to be manufactured or produced 3    
distribution contracts, distributorship agreements 1    
franchising 1    
mixed contracts for supply of goods and services 3    
quota of a company 2    2    
software, hardware 1    
turnkey and product-in-hand contracts, works contracts 3    
contracts similar to contract of sale 3    3    
Convention applicable as 'lex mercatoria' 1    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
formation of contract 4    
international character of contract of sale 1    
matters not expressly settled 7    
parties' choice of Convention as governing law of contract 1    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' place of business in different Contracting States 1    
rights and obligations of the seller and of the buyer 4    
material scope of Convention 7    
agreements to agree, Vorvertrag, contratto preliminare 7    
by virtue of rules of private international law 1    
contract of sale of goods 1    
barter, counter-trade transactions 1    
contracts for supply of goods to be assembled 3    
contracts for supply of goods to be manufactured or produced 3    
distribution contracts, distributorship agreements 1    
franchising 1    
mixed contracts for supply of goods and services 3    
quota of a company 2    2    
software, hardware 1    
turnkey and product-in-hand contracts, works contracts 3    
contracts similar to contract of sale 3    3    
Convention applicable as 'lex mercatoria' 1    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
formation of contract 4    
international character of contract of sale 1    
matters not expressly settled 7    
parties' choice of Convention as governing law of contract 1    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' place of business in different Contracting States 1    
rights and obligations of the seller and of the buyer 4    
material scope of Convention 7    
agreements to agree, Vorvertrag, contratto preliminare 7    
by virtue of rules of private international law 1    
contract of sale of goods 1    
barter, counter-trade transactions 1    
contracts for supply of goods to be assembled 3    
contracts for supply of goods to be manufactured or produced 3    
distribution contracts, distributorship agreements 1    
franchising 1    
mixed contracts for supply of goods and services 3    
quota of a company 2    2    
software, hardware 1    
turnkey and product-in-hand contracts, works contracts 3    
contracts similar to contract of sale 3    3    
Convention applicable as 'lex mercatoria' 1    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
formation of contract 4    
international character of contract of sale 1    
matters not expressly settled 7    
parties' choice of Convention as governing law of contract 1    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' place of business in different Contracting States 1    
rights and obligations of the seller and of the buyer 4    
material scope of Convention 7    
agreements to agree, Vorvertrag, contratto preliminare 7    
by virtue of rules of private international law 1    
contract of sale of goods 1    
barter, counter-trade transactions 1    
contracts for supply of goods to be assembled 3    
contracts for supply of goods to be manufactured or produced 3    
distribution contracts, distributorship agreements 1    
franchising 1    
mixed contracts for supply of goods and services 3    
quota of a company 2    2    
software, hardware 1    
turnkey and product-in-hand contracts, works contracts 3    
contracts similar to contract of sale 3    3    
Convention applicable as 'lex mercatoria' 1    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
formation of contract 4    
international character of contract of sale 1    
matters not expressly settled 7    
parties' choice of Convention as governing law of contract 1    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' place of business in different Contracting States 1    
rights and obligations of the seller and of the buyer 4    
material scope of Convention 7    
agreements to agree, Vorvertrag, contratto preliminare 7    
by virtue of rules of private international law 1    
contract of sale of goods 1    
barter, counter-trade transactions 1    
contracts for supply of goods to be assembled 3    
contracts for supply of goods to be manufactured or produced 3    
distribution contracts, distributorship agreements 1    
franchising 1    
mixed contracts for supply of goods and services 3    
quota of a company 2    2    
software, hardware 1    
turnkey and product-in-hand contracts, works contracts 3    
contracts similar to contract of sale 3    3    
Convention applicable as 'lex mercatoria' 1    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
formation of contract 4    
international character of contract of sale 1    
matters not expressly settled 7    
parties' choice of Convention as governing law of contract 1    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' place of business in different Contracting States 1    
rights and obligations of the seller and of the buyer 4    
parties' nationality, irrelevance 1    
see AUTONOMY OF PARTIES, EXCLUSIONS FROM CONVENTION, GAPS, PLACE OF BUSINESS
territorial scope of Convention 1    
undisclosed foreign principal 1    
AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES
general principle of the Convention 7    
limits 6    
limits on formal requirements 96    96    96    
limits 6    
limits on formal requirements 96    96    96    
parties' choice of law of Contracting State 1    
parties' choice of law of non-Contracting State 6    
total or partial exclusion of the Convention 6    
AVOIDANCE OF THE CONTRACT
anticipatory breach 72    
by buyer 49    
effects on contractual provisions 81    
form of notice of declaration of avoidance 26    
implied declaration of avoidance 26    
loss of right in respect of delivery 49    
loss of right in respect of payment 64    
loss of right in respect of restitution 82    
retention of other remedies 83    
no period of grace 45    
period of grace not to be granted by court or arbitral tribunal 61    
requirements 42    
requirements 64    
seller's offer to cure 48    
by seller 64    
effective by notice of declaration of avoidance 26    
effects of avoidance 81    
EXEMPTIONS, RESTITUTION, SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
partial avoidance 51    
restitution 81    
see ADDITIONAL PERIOD OF TIME, BREACH OF CONTRACT, COMMUNICATIONS,
time of avoidance 64    64    
BREACH OF CONTRACT
by buyer 61    
by seller 45    
breach of secondary obligation 49    49    
failure of delivery 49    
fundamental breach 49    
fundamental breach 64    
late delivery 49    
late performance 64    
non performance 64    
partial breach 51    
partial breach 64    
caused by other party 80    
effects 81    
fundamental breach and passing of risk 70    
fundamental breach in general 25    
see REMEDIES FOR BUYER'S AND SELLER'S BREACH
BURDEN OF PROOF
general principle in CISG 7    
in case of damages 74    
in case of non conformity of the goods 36    
proof of defects 35    
proof of examination 38    
proof of notice of non conformity 44    44    
in case of non conformity of the goods 36    
proof of defects 35    
proof of examination 38    
proof of notice of non conformity 44    44    
in case of rejection of the goods 86    
in case of third party rights on goods 42    
matter excluded from CISG 4    
BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS
examination of goods 38    
payment of price 53    
PAYMENT OF PRICE, PRICE, PRACTICES, SPECIFICATION OF GOODS,
preservation of the goods 86    
see AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, DUTY TO COOPERATE, EXAMINATION OF GOODS,
specification of the goods 65    
taking delivery 53    
TAKING DELIVERY, USAGES
CANCELLATION
see AVOIDANCE OF THE CONTRACT
CARRIAGE
examination of goods 38    
insurance 32    
passing of risk 69    69    69    
seller's obligations 32    32    
time of payment 58    
COMMUNICATIONS
dispatch rule 27    
failure of notices 43    43    
receipt rule 24    
notice of consignment of the goods 32    32    
notice of declaration of avoidance 27    27    
notice of impediment of performance 79    
notice of intention to sell goods 88    
notice of intention to suspend performance 71    
notice of lack of conformity 39    39    
notice of specification of goods by seller 65    
notice of third's party right or claim 43    43    
notice or request of cure of non conformity 48    
offer, acceptance, indication of intention 24    
see specific topics, AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, FORMAL REQUIREMENTS, LANGUAGE
CONCLUSION OF CONTRACT
see FORMATION OF CONTRACT
CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS
aliud pro alio 35    
burden of proof of non conformity 35    
CONFORMITY, REMEDIES FOR SELLER'S BREACH
defective goods 35    
description 35    
fitness for ordinary use 35    
fitness for particular purpose 35    
package, packaging 35    
partial conformity 51    
public authority directives 35    
quality 35    
quantity 37    37    
relation to remedies of domestic law 4    
excluded 35    
remedies for innocent misrepresentation as to quality of goods 35    
remedies for mistake as to quality of goods 35    
when goods have to be conforming 36    
relation to remedies of domestic law 4    
excluded 35    
remedies for innocent misrepresentation as to quality of goods 35    
remedies for mistake as to quality of goods 35    
when goods have to be conforming 36    
sample, model 35    
see CURE OF NON CONFORMITY, EXAMINATION OF GOODS, NOTICE OF NON
seller's liability 46    46    46    
CREDITWORTHINESS
see SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
CULPA IN CONTRAHENDO
see APPLICATION OF CONVENTION, PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY, RELIANCE
CURE OF NON CONFORMITY
in documents 34    
in goods 48    
cure not accepted 49    
in goods 48    
cure not accepted 49    
see AVOIDANCE, CONFORMITY, DAMAGES
DAMAGES
buyer's claim 45    
currency 74    
current price 76    
damages caused by seller's right to cure non conformity 74    74    74    74    
devaluation of currency 74    
interest 78    
loss of profit non recoverable 44    
mitigation of loss 77    
price reduction 50    
substitute transactions, replacement transactions 75    
time and place 74    
calculation 74    
causation 74    
consequential damages 74    
delay in performance 63    63    
exemption from liability 79    
fault not relevant 45    
forseeability 74    
liquidated damages clause (agreed payment for non performance) 74    
loss of profit 74    
mitigation of loss, duty to mitigate 77    
penalty clause 74    
punitive damages 74    
see EXEMPTIONS, PRICE REDUCTION
seller's claim 61    
DECLARATIONS
see FINAL PROVISIONS
DELIVERY OF THE GOODS
delay in delivery 49    
delivery before time 52    
excess delivery 52    
incoterms 31    
partial delivery 51    
place of delivery, place of handing over of the goods 31    
see PLACE OF BUSINESS, PASSING OF RISK, PRACTICES, TAKING DELIVERY,
seller's obligation to deliver the goods 30    
contract involves carriage of the goods 32    
notice of consignment 32    
period fixed by contract 33    
subsequent integration or replacement 37    
time of delivery 33    
USAGES
DEPOSIT OF THE GOODS
see PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS
DOCUMENTS
buyer's obligation to take documents 53    
non-conformity with contract 58    
seller's obligation to hand over documents 34    
documents against payment 58    
DOMESTIC LAW
formal requirements of the contract 12    
gaps in Convention 7    
interest rate 78    
liability issues 5    5    
limitation period, prescription 4    
other matters excluded from Convention 6    6    6    
penalty clause 4    
place of conclusion of contract 7    
property in goods 4    
recognized industrial or other intellectual property on goods sold 42    
specific performance 28    
validity issues (fraud, capacity, coercion, duress, mistake) 4    
DUTY TO COOPERATE
general principle of Convention 7    
buyer's duty to accept performance 48    
buyer's duty to preserve the goods 86    
buyer's duty to take delivery 60    
mitigation of loss, duty to mitigate 77    
seller's duty to identify goods in case of carriage 67    67    
seller's duty to preserve the goods 85    
seller's duty to provide information for insurance 32    
seller's duty to specify goods 65    
see REMEDIES FOR SELLER'S BREACH
ERROR
see MISTAKE
ESTOPPEL
general principle of Convention 7    
EVIDENCE
evidence of contract 11    
exception (formal requirements determined by applicable domestic law) 96    
no evidence rule in the Convention 11    
see also BURDEN OF PROOF
EXAMINATION OF THE GOODS
buyer's obligation to examine the goods 38    
inspection of the goods 38    
NOTICE OF NON CONFORMITY, REMEDIES FOR SELLER'S BREACH
proper examination of the goods 38    
right not to pay before examination 58    
see AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, CONFORMITY OF GOODS,
time of examination 38    
as soon as practicable under the circumstances 38    
at a later time 38    
sale involving carriage of goods 38    
sale involving redirection in transit or redispatch by buyer 38    
EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION
matters expressly excluded 5    
agency 7    7    
assignment 7    7    
auction sales 2    
capacity of the parties 7    7    
condition 4    
consumer sales 2    
death or personal injury, product liability 5    
electricity 2    
execution sales; sales by authority of law 2    
forum selection clause 4    
hardship 4    
limitation period, prescription 7    7    7    
misrepresentation, fraud 4    
novation 4    
property in goods 4    
clause de réserve de la propriété 4    4    
money 2    
reservation of title clause, Eigentumsvorbehalt, 4    4    
validity of settlement agreement 4    
quota of a company 2    2    
sales with supply of labour or other services 3    
sales with supply of material by buyer 3    
set-off, compensation 7    7    
ships, vessels, hovercraft, aircraft 2    
stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments, 2    
validity issues 4    
matters expressly excluded 5    
agency 7    7    
assignment 7    7    
auction sales 2    
capacity of the parties 7    7    
condition 4    
consumer sales 2    
death or personal injury, product liability 5    
electricity 2    
execution sales; sales by authority of law 2    
forum selection clause 4    
hardship 4    
limitation period, prescription 7    7    7    
misrepresentation, fraud 4    
novation 4    
property in goods 4    
clause de réserve de la propriété 4    4    
money 2    
reservation of title clause, Eigentumsvorbehalt, 4    4    
validity of settlement agreement 4    
quota of a company 2    2    
sales with supply of labour or other services 3    
sales with supply of material by buyer 3    
set-off, compensation 7    7    
ships, vessels, hovercraft, aircraft 2    
stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments, 2    
validity issues 4    
matters expressly excluded 5    
agency 7    7    
assignment 7    7    
auction sales 2    
capacity of the parties 7    7    
condition 4    
consumer sales 2    
death or personal injury, product liability 5    
electricity 2    
execution sales; sales by authority of law 2    
forum selection clause 4    
hardship 4    
limitation period, prescription 7    7    7    
misrepresentation, fraud 4    
novation 4    
property in goods 4    
clause de réserve de la propriété 4    4    
money 2    
reservation of title clause, Eigentumsvorbehalt, 4    4    
validity of settlement agreement 4    
quota of a company 2    2    
sales with supply of labour or other services 3    
sales with supply of material by buyer 3    
set-off, compensation 7    7    
ships, vessels, hovercraft, aircraft 2    
stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments, 2    
validity issues 4    
matters expressly excluded 5    
agency 7    7    
assignment 7    7    
auction sales 2    
capacity of the parties 7    7    
condition 4    
consumer sales 2    
death or personal injury, product liability 5    
electricity 2    
execution sales; sales by authority of law 2    
forum selection clause 4    
hardship 4    
limitation period, prescription 7    7    7    
misrepresentation, fraud 4    
novation 4    
property in goods 4    
clause de réserve de la propriété 4    4    
money 2    
reservation of title clause, Eigentumsvorbehalt, 4    4    
validity of settlement agreement 4    
quota of a company 2    2    
sales with supply of labour or other services 3    
sales with supply of material by buyer 3    
set-off, compensation 7    7    
ships, vessels, hovercraft, aircraft 2    
stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments, 2    
validity issues 4    
other matters not expressly excluded 7    7    7    7    
see AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, DOMESTIC LAW
EXEMPTIONS
eccessiva onerosità sopravvenuta 79    
effects 79    
damages 79    
other remedies 79    
temporary impediment 79    
factum principis, act of public authority 79    
force majeure, Höhere Gewalt 79    
frustration 79    
hardship, gross inequity, imprévision, Wegfall der Geschäftsgrundlage, 79    
impediment 79    
notice of impediment 79    
strike 79    
third party contractor 79    
FACTUM PRINCIPIS 79    
see EXEMPTIONS
FAVOR CONTRACTUS
general principle of Convention 7    
anticipatory breach 72    72    
avoidance 64    64    
cure of non conformity in documents 34    
cure of non conformity in goods 48    48    
declaration of avoidance 26    
fundamental breach of contract 25    
modified acceptance 19    
partial performance 51    
price reduction 50    50    
FINAL PROVISIONS
accession 91    
denunciation 101    
depositary 89    
entry into force 99    
applicability of Convention based on private international law 95    
for single contract 100    
requirements 97    
States having same legal rules 94    
time 97    
withdrawal 97    
written form 96    
federal entities 93    
FROM CONVENTION, INTERPRETATION OF CONVENTION
prevalence of other international agreements 90    
ratification 91    
reservations 98    98    
revision 90    
see APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION, AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, EXCLUSIONS
signature 91    
FIRST MATERIAL BREACH
see SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
FORCE MAJEURE 79    
see EXEMPTIONS
FORM OF CONTRACT
see FORMAL REQUIREMENTS
FORMAL REQUIREMENTS
freedom 11    
see AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
STATUTE OF FRAUDS
written form 96    
exceptionally required 96    96    96    96    
telefax, electronic data exchange, etc.
telegram and telex 13    
written form 96    
exceptionally required 96    96    96    96    
telefax, electronic data exchange, etc.
telegram and telex 13    
written form 96    
exceptionally required 96    96    96    96    
telefax, electronic data exchange, etc.
telegram and telex 13    
written form 96    
exceptionally required 96    96    96    96    
telefax, electronic data exchange, etc.
telegram and telex 13    
FORMATION OF CONTRACT
CONVENTION, GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT, OFFER, PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY
evidence 1    
formal requirements 11    
in case of late acceptance 21    
in case of modified acceptance 19    
in general 4    
letter of confirmation 9    9    9    
open price contract 55    55    
place of conclusion of contract 23    
see ACCEPTANCE, AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, COMMUNICATIONS, GAPS IN
time of conclusion of contract 23    
sequence of offer and acceptance 23    
when acceptance becomes effective (receipt rule) 24    
relation to mail-box rule 24    24    
when acceptance becomes effective (receipt rule) 24    
relation to mail-box rule 24    24    
usages, relevance of 9    
FRAUD
see DOMESTIC LAW, EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION
FRUSTRATION
see EXEMPTIONS
FULL COMPENSATION
general principle of Convention 78    78    
FUNDAMENTAL BREACH
see BREACH OF CONTRACT
GAPS IN THE CONVENTION
gap filling methods 7    
reference to UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 7    
see GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTION, PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
application of domestic law 4    
battle of forms 19    
formal requirements 11    
formation of contract 18    18    
interpretation of contract 8    
usages 9    
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONVENTION 7    
MITIGATION OF LOSS, FULL COMPENSATION
OF THE PARTIES, FORMAL REQUIREMENTS, DUTY TO COOPERATE, ESTOPPEL,
see GOOD FAITH, FAVOR CONTRACTUS, REASONABLENESS, RELIANCE, AUTONOMY
GOOD FAITH IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE
general principle of Convention 7    
see INTERPRETATION OF THE CONVENTION, specific topics
GROSS INEQUITY 79    
see EXEMPTIONS
HARDSHIP 79    
see EXEMPTIONS
INCOTERMS
see DELIVERY OF THE GOODS, USAGES
INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
see DOMESTIC LAW, SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS, THIRD PARTY CLAIMS
INSPECTION
see EXAMINATION OF GOODS
INSTALMENT CONTRACTS 73    
avoidance 73    
restitution 81    
see AVOIDANCE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
see DOMESTIC LAW, SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS, THIRD PARTY CLAIMS
INTEREST
in case of refund of price 84    
interest rate 78    
right to interest 78    
see AVOIDANCE, DAMAGES, DOMESTIC LAW, PAYMENT OF PRICE
time of accrual of interest 78    
INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT
conduct, intent, statements of the parties 8    
parol evidence rule 8    
practices established between parties 8    
see GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
usages 9    9    
use of merger clause (integration clause) 8    
INTERPRETATION OF CONVENTION
autonomous interpretation 7    
analogy 7    
domestic law, exclusion of 7    
good faith 7    
international character of Convention 7    
uniformity in application 7    
see GAPS IN CONVENTION
JURISDICTION
place of delivery and jurisdiction 60    60    
place of payment and jurisdiction 57    
place of performance of other obligations and jurisdiction 74    
LACK OF CONFORMITY
see CONFORMITY OF GOODS
LANGUAGE
Of contract and communications 24    
LETTER OF CONFIRMATION
see ACCEPTANCE, FORMATION OF CONTRACT, USAGES
LEX MERCATORIA
see APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION, USAGES
MAIL BOX RULE 24    
see FORMATION OF CONTRACT
MISREPRESENTATION 4    
see EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION, CONFORMITY OF THE GOODS
MISTAKE
autonomy of the parties 6    6    
in expression and interpretation 8    
relation to remedies of domestic law 4    
mistake as to quality of goods 35    
see CONFORMITY OF GOODS, DOMESTIC LAW, EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION
validity issue 4    
MITIGATION OF LOSS
general principle of Convention 7    
cover sale
in reliance on breach of contract 77    
preservation of goods 88    88    88    88    
see also DAMAGES
substitute transactions, replacement transactions, cover purchase, 77    77    
MODIFICATION OF CONTRACT
by agreement of the parties 29    
formal requirements 29    
no oral modification clause 29    
written modification clause 29    
NACHFRIST
see ADDITIONAL PERIOD OF TIME
NATIONALITY OF PARTIES
irrelevant on application of the Convention 1    
NOTICE OF NON CONFORMITY
failure to give timely notice 39    
buyer's reasonable excuse 44    
contractual agreement for different period of guarantee 39    
reasonable time 39    
two year limit 39    
see CONFORMITY OF GOODS, EXAMINATION OF GOODS, REMEDIES FOR
SELLER'S BREACH
seller's knowledge of non conformity 40    
specification of nature of lack of conformity 39    
time of notice 39    
waiver of defense that notice is not timely 39    
OFFER
invitation to make offer 14    
irrevocable 16    
OF CONVENTION
public 14    
rejection 17    
requirements 14    
definiteness of offer 14    
determination of price 55    55    
determination of quantity 14    
indication of nature of goods 14    
revocation of offer 16    
see ACCEPTANCE, COMMUNICATIONS, GAPS IN CONVENTION, GENERAL PRINCIPLES
termination 17    
time when offer becomes effective 24    24    
withdrawal of offer, even if irrevocable 15    
PASSING OF RISK
breach of contract by buyer 69    
breach of contract by seller 70    
carriage of goods 67    
effects 66    
goods sold in transit 68    
identification of goods 67    
residual rules 69    
see CARRIAGE, DELIVERY, USAGES
time of passing of risk 67    
PAYMENT OF PRICE
buyer's obligation 53    
currency of payment 53    
forms of payment (cheque, fund transfers) 53    
obligations associated with payment of price 54    
documentary credit 54    
letter of credit 54    
place of payment 57    
right to interest 78    
see AUTONOMY OF THE PARTIES, PRICE, PRICE REDUCTION, USAGES
time of payment 59    59    
PLACE OF BUSINESS
choice among multiple places 10    
concept of place of business 1    
determination 10    
habitual residence 10    
PRACTICES
course of dealing 9    
relevance of practices between the parties 9    
see INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT
PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY 7    
Good faith in negotiations 7    
see APPLICATION OF CONVENTION, RELIANCE
PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS
buyer's duty 86    
rapid deterioration of the goods 87    
see RETENTION OF GOODS
seller's duty 85    
types 88    
deposit in warehouse 87    
sale 88    
types 88    
deposit in warehouse 87    
sale 88    
PRICE
current price (way of calculating damages) 76    
offer 14    
refund 84    
see PAYMENT OF PRICE, PRICE REDUCTION
unstated price 55    
open price contracts 55    55    
unstated price 55    
open price contracts 55    55    
weight of goods 56    
PRICE REDUCTION
buyer's right to reduce the price 50    50    
calculation of reduction 50    
see EXEMPTIONS
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
application of Convention 1    
gaps in Convention 7    
renvoi 1    
see DOMESTIC LAW
PRODUCT LIABILITY
see EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION
REASONABLENESS
DELIVERY, EXEMPTIONS, INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACT, OFFER, PRESERVATION
general principle of Convention 7    
OF THE GOODS, SELLER'S AND BUYER'S OBLIGATIONS, SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE
see ACCEPTANCE, AVOIDANCE, BREACH OF CONTRACT, CONFORMITY, DAMAGES,
REBUS SIC STANTIBUS 79    
see EXEMPTIONS
REJECTION OF THE GOODS
for breach of contract 86    
see AVOIDANCE, PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS
RELIANCE
breach of contract 77    
culpa in contrahendo 7    
delay or error in transmission of communications 27    
failure to perform 80    
irrevocable offer 18    18    
mitigation of loss 77    
non conformity 38    38    
REMEDIES FOR BUYER'S BREACH
cumulation of remedies 61    
PERFORMANCE, SPECIFICATION
period of grace not to be granted by court or arbitral tribunal 61    
remedies 61    
avoidance 64    
restitution of the goods 84    
damages, interest 78    78    
fixing additional period of time for performance 63    
request for performance 62    62    
see ADDITIONAL PERIOD, AVOIDANCE, DAMAGES, EXEMPTIONS, SPECIFIC
REMEDIES FOR SELLER'S BREACH
cumulation of remedies 45    
loss of right 44    44    44    
partial performance 51    
period of grace not to be granted by court or arbitral tribunal 45    
PRICE REDUCTION, SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE, THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS
remedies 45    
avoidance of contract 49    
buyer's duty to cooperate 46    
interest on refunded price 84    
refund of price 84    
unsuccessful repair 46    
avoidance of contract 49    
buyer's duty to cooperate 46    
interest on refunded price 84    
refund of price 84    
unsuccessful repair 46    
damages 74    
fixing additional period of time for performance 47    
price reduction 50    
repair of non conforming goods 46    
request for performance 46    46    
substitution of goods, replacement of defective goods 46    
remedies for non conformity 45    
see ADDITIONAL PERIOD, AVOIDANCE, CONFORMITY, DAMAGES, EXEMPTIONS,
RESTITUTION
benefits received 84    
generally 81    
impossibility 82    
exceptions 82    
interest on refunded price 84    
see AVOIDANCE
RETENTION OF GOODS
buyer's right 86    
seller's right 85    
RISK OF LOSS
see PASSING OF RISK
SCOPE OF CONVENTION
see APPLICATION OF CONVENTION
SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
arrange carriage 31    
delivery of the goods 30    
de la propriété 4    4    
goods conforming to the contract 37    37    37    
goods free from third parties' rights or claims 42    42    
notice of consignment of goods 32    
retention of title clause, Eigentumsvorbehalt, clause de réserve 4    4    
DUTY TO COOPERATE, PRACTICES, PRESERVATION OF THE GOODS, USAGES
hand over documents 34    34    
identification of the goods 32    
preservation of the goods 85    
see CARRIAGE, CONFORMITY, DELIVERY OF GOODS, DOMESTIC LAW,
transfer of property 30    
SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE
buyer's right 46    
limits 28    
repair 46    
request of substitute goods 46    
restitution 82    82    
REMEDIES
see BREACH OF CONTRACT, COMMUNICATIONS, CONFORMITY, EXEMPTIONS
seller's right 62    
SPECIFICATION OF GOODS
buyer's obligation 65    
by seller 65    
STANDARD TERMS
see GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
STATUTE OF FRAUDS
replaced by CISG 11    
STOPPAGE
see SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
notice of intention to suspend performance 71    
requirements 71    
right to suspend performance 71    
see AVOIDANCE
TAKING DELIVERY OF GOODS
buyer's obligation 60    60    
delay or failure 85    
documentary sales 53    
place and time of taking of delivery 60    60    60    
preparatory activities 60    
refusal 53    
TERMINATION OF THE CONTRACT
by agreement of the parties 29    
formal requirements 29    
see AVOIDANCE OF THE CONTRACT
THIRD PARTY CLAIMS
industrial or intellectual property 42    
invalid claims 41    
notice to the seller 43    
failure 43    
excused 44    
parties' autonomy 41    
TIME PERIODS
additional period of time for performance 63    63    
period of grace not granted 61    61    
see ACCEPTANCE, DELIVERY, DOCUMENTS, CONFORMITY
time for acceptance 20    
beginning and calculating of periods 20    
time for acceptance 20    
beginning and calculating of periods 20    
time for examination of the delivered goods 38    
time of avoidance 64    64    
time of delivery 33    
time of handing over documents 34    
time of payment 59    59    
time to give notice of non conformity of the goods 39    
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY 4    
see EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION, SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
TRANSFER OF PROPERTY 4    
see EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION, SELLER'S OBLIGATIONS
USAGES
conclusion of contract by letter of confirmation 9    
incoterms 9    
carriage of goods 32    
delivery of goods 31    
notice 32    
place 31    
taking delivery 53    
time 33    
documents 34    
interpretation 9    
time of payment of price 58    
intent of party 8    
lex mercatoria 1    
relevance of usages 9    
see DOMESTIC LAW, GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT, PRACTICES
validity 4    
VALIDITY ISSUES 4    
see EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CONVENTION, DOMESTIC LAW
VENIRE CONTRA FACTUM PROPRIUM
see ESTOPPEL
WITHOLDING OF PERFORMANCE
see SUSPENSION OF PERFORMANCE
WRITING REQUIREMENTS
see FORMAL REQUIREMENTS