Article 1658 Cases
(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:
(a) when the States are Contracting States; or
(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State.
(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.
(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.
| Number |
Issue |
# Cases |
| 1 |
Material scope of application |
2 |
| 1.1 |
Contract of sale of goods |
20 |
| 1.1.1 |
Civil or commercial character of the contract not relevant |
0 |
| 1.1.2 |
Contracts for the sale of software |
5 |
| 1.1.3 |
Contracts similar to contract of sale |
1 |
| 1.1.3.1 |
Distributorship agreements |
27 |
| 1.1.3.2 |
Other cases (barter, counter-trade, works contracts, etc.) |
11 |
| 1.2 |
Parties with places of business in different States |
50 |
| Country |
Date |
Court |
| Arbitral Award |
00-06-1996 |
ICC Court of Arbitration |
| Arbitral Award |
16-02-1998 |
Bulgarska turgosko-promishlena palata (Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce and Industry) |
| Cases: 2 |
| Austria |
15-10-1998 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Austria |
26-11-2018 |
Oberster Gerichtshof |
| Cases: 2 |
| Belarus |
04-06-2003 |
Supreme Economic Court of the Republic of Belarus |
| Belarus |
10-04-2008 |
Economic Court of the City of Minsk |
| Cases: 2 |
| Belgium |
08-03-2001 |
Cour d'Appel, Mons |
| Belgium |
03-10-2007 |
Rechtbank van Koophandel, Hasselt |
| Cases: 2 |
| China |
13-02-2025 |
Shanghai International Commercial Court |
| Cases: 1 |
| Czech Republic |
29-01-2019 |
Supreme Court of the Czech Republic |
| Cases: 1 |
| Denmark |
04-12-2000 |
Oestre Landsret (Eastern High Court) |
| Cases: 1 |
| Finland |
18-12-2013 |
Turku Court of Appeal |
| Cases: 1 |
| France |
22-04-1992 |
Cour d'Appel de Paris, 15ème chambre, section A |
| France |
04-01-1995 |
Cour de Cassation |
| France |
22-12-2006 |
Tribunal de Grande Instance de Strasbourg |
| France |
04-11-2014 |
Cour de Cassation |
| France |
09-07-2019 |
Cour de Cassation |
| France |
26-10-2022 |
Cour de Cassation |
| France |
21-11-2023 |
Cour d‘appel de Besançon |
| Cases: 7 |
| Georgia |
26-09-2011 |
Supreme Court |
| Cases: 1 |
| Germany |
28-02-2000 |
Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart, 5. Zivilsenat |
| Germany |
21-11-2007 |
Oberlandesgericht Koblenz |
| Cases: 2 |
| Italy |
11-12-1998 |
Corte di Appello di Milano |
| Italy |
26-11-2002 |
Tribunale di Rimini |
| Italy |
29-05-2015 |
Tribunale di Trento |
| Italy |
17-06-2019 |
Tribunale di Trieste |
| Cases: 4 |
| Japan |
03-06-2019 |
Tokyo Chiho Saibansho [District Court] |
| Cases: 1 |
| Mexico |
30-08-2005 |
Sixth Civil Court of First Instance, Tijuana, Baja California |
| Cases: 1 |
| Netherlands |
01-12-1999 |
Rechtbank Middelburg |
| Netherlands |
09-07-2008 |
Arrondissementsrechtbank Maastricht |
| Netherlands |
16-01-2009 |
Rechtbank Breda |
| Netherlands |
19-08-2015 |
Rechtbank Den Haag |
| Cases: 4 |
| Norway |
07-06-2013 |
Agder Appeals Court |
| Cases: 1 |
| Poland |
27-01-2006 |
Supreme Court of Poland |
| Poland |
11-05-2007 |
Supreme Court of Poland |
| Poland |
16-04-2019 |
Court of Appeal of Warsaw |
| Cases: 3 |
| Russian Federation |
13-02-2006 |
Tribunal of Int'l Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry |
| Russian Federation |
03-10-2011 |
Federal Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus Area, Krasnodar |
| Cases: 2 |
| Spain |
17-12-2019 |
Ad hoc Arbitration |
| Spain |
06-07-2020 |
Tribunal Supremo |
| Cases: 2 |
| Switzerland |
15-01-1998 |
Tribunale di Appello di Lugano, seconda camera civile |
| Switzerland |
15-12-1998 |
Tribunale di Appello di Lugano, seconda camera civile |
| Switzerland |
11-07-2000 |
Schweizerisches Bundesgericht |
| Switzerland |
15-09-2000 |
Schweizerisches Bundesgericht |
| Switzerland |
20-04-2016 |
Tribunale d'appello del Ticino |
| Switzerland |
28-05-2019 |
Schweizerisches Bundesgericht |
| Cases: 6 |
| USA |
18-03-2008 |
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Kentucky |
| USA |
18-01-2011 |
U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York |
| USA |
23-08-2016 |
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York |
| USA |
17-12-2024 |
U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas |
| Cases: 4 |
|
| 1.2.1 |
Concept of place of business |
3 |
| 1.2.2 |
Concept of different States |
3 |
| 1.2.2.1 |
Undisclosed foreign principal |
0 |
| 2 |
Territorial scope of application |
15 |
| 2.1 |
Parties situated in Contracting States |
377 |
| 2.2 |
Application of law of Contracting State based on rules of private international law |
108 |
| 2.2.1 |
Application of Convention based on choice of parties |
22 |
| 2.2.2 |
Choice of the law of Contracting State as governing law of contract |
71 |
| 3 |
Convention as 'lex mercatoria' |
13 |