Article 953 Cases (1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and any practices which they have established between themselves.

(2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade concerned.

Number

Issue

# Cases

Usages and practices

1.1

Practices established between parties

1.2

Usages expressly agreed to by parties

1.3

Applicability of usages not expressly agreed to by parties

1.3.1

Parties knew or ought to have known of usages

1.3.2

Usages widely known and regularly observed in international trade

Country	Date	Court
Arbitral Award	00-00-1995	ICC Court of Arbitration - Paris
Cases: 1
Argentina	20-05-1991	Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial No. 7
Argentina	23-10-1991	Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial No. 10
Argentina	06-10-1994	Juzgado Nacional de Primera Instancia en lo Comercial No. 10
Cases: 3
Australia	24-10-2008	Federal Court of Australia
Cases: 1
Austria	06-02-1996	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	15-10-1998	Oberster Gerichtshof
Austria	21-03-2000	Oberster Gerichtshof
Cases: 3
Finland	29-01-1998	Helsinki Court of Appeal
Cases: 1
Germany	26-09-1990	Landgericht Hamburg
Germany	06-07-1994	Landgericht Frankfurt am Main
Germany	05-07-1995	Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main
Germany	09-07-1998	Oberlandesgericht Dresden
Germany	13-04-2000	Amtsgericht Duisburg
Cases: 5
Italy	24-03-1995	Corte di Appello di Genova
Cases: 1
Netherlands	24-04-1996	Gerechtshof's Hertogenbosch
Cases: 1
Russian Federation	05-06-1997	International Arbitration Court of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation
Cases: 1
Spain	01-07-2013	Tribunal Supremo
Spain	13-05-2014	Audiencia Provincial, Barcelona
Cases: 2
Switzerland	03-12-1997	Zivilgericht Kanton Basel-Stadt
Switzerland	28-01-2009	Tribunal cantonal du Valais
Cases: 2
USA	26-03-2002	U.S. District Court, S.D., New York
USA	21-08-2002	U. S. District Court, S. D., New York
USA	11-06-2003	US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
USA	07-02-2006	U.S. District Court, Southern District, Texas, Houston Division
USA	13-04-2006	U.S. District Court, Western District Washington at Tacoma
USA	28-09-2011	U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York
USA	19-01-2016	U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania
Cases: 7