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 (1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.

(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked:

(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or

(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.


Author Title Publisher
AKSELI, N.O. Commentary on whether and the extent to which the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) may be used to help interpret article 16 of the CISG Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration, 7 (2003), 151-160
BERLINGIERI, F. Lo standard del 'reasonable man' AA.VV., LA VENDITA INTERNAZIONALE, ATTI CONVEGNO S. MARGHERITA LIGURE (26-28 SETT. 1980), QUADERNI GIUR. COMM. 39, (MILANO, GIUFFRE) 1981, 327-340
BYDLINSKI, F. Das allgemeine Vertragsrecht (Symposium Bade-Wien 17/19.4.1983) DORALT, P.(ed.), DAS UNCITRAL-KAUFRECHT IM VERGLEICH ZUM ÖSTERREICHISCHEN RECHT (WIEN, MANZ) 1985, 57-90
BYDLINSKI, F. Der Vertragsschluß nach der Wiener UN-Kaufrechtskonvention in komparativer Betrachtung ARCHIVIUM IURIDICUM CRACOVIENSE (BRESLAU), 1985, XVIII, 143-156
DILGER, K., Das Zustandekommen von Kaufverträgen im Aussenhandel nach internationalem Einheitsrecht und nationalem Sonderrecht RABELS ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR AUSLÄNDISCHES UND INTERNATIONALES PRIVATRECHT (RABELSZ), 1981, 169-195
EÖRSI G. Arts. 14-17 CISG in: BIANCA C.M. / BONELL M.J. (eds.), Commentary on the International Sales Law, Giuffrè, Milano 1987, 132-162
EÖRSI, G. A Propos the 1980 Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 31 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE LAW 333-356 (1983)
HEUZE' V., La formation du contrat selon la CVIM : quelques difficultés Revue de Droit des Affaires Internationales / International Business Law Journal, n. 3/4, 2001, 277-291
JAMETTI GREINER, M., Der Vertragsabschluß - Zeitpunkt, Formvorschriften, rechtsgeschäftliche Erklärungen HOYER, H. / POSCH, W. (eds.), DAS EINHEITLICHE WIENER KAUFRECHT (WIEN), 1992, 43-57
KLECKNER, M.E., La proposta nella formazione del contratto di vendita internazionale I CONTRATTI, 1993, 617
MALIK, S., Offer: Revocable or Irrevocable. Will Art. 16 of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Ensure Uniformity? 25 INDIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 26-49 (1985)
MOULY, C., La formation du contrat (Colloque Paris 1/2.12.1989) DERAIN Y. / GHESTIN, J. (eds.), LA CONVENTION DE VIENNE SUR LA VENTE INTERNATIONALE ET LES INCOTERMS, (PARIS) 1990, 55-82
MURRAY, J.E. jr., An Essay on the Formation of Contracts and Related Matters under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Symposium Pittsburgh 23.10.1987) 8 JOURNAL OF LAW AND COMMERCE 11-51 (1988)
NEUMAYER, K.H., Offene Fragen zur Anwendung des Abkommens der Vereinten Nationen über den internationalen Warenkauf RECHT DER INTERNATIONALEN WIRTSCHAFT (RIW), 1994, 99-109
NG'ONG'OLA, C., The Vienna Sales Convention of 1980 in the Southern African Legal Environment: Formation of a Contract of Sale 4 AFRICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW / REVUE AFRICAINE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET COMPARÉ, 1992, 834-853
PERALES VISCASILLAS, M.d.P., Una aproximación al articulo 7 de la Convención de Viena de 1980 sobre compraventa internacional de mercaderías CUADERNOS DE DERECHO Y COMERCIO, XVI, 1995, 55-88
REHBINDER, E., Vertragsschluß nach UN-Kaufrecht im Vergleich zu EAG und BGB SCHLECHTRIEM, P. (ed.), EINHEITLICHES KAUFRECHT UNDNATIONALES OBLIGATIONENRECHT (FACHTAGUNG FREIBURGI.BR. 16/17.2.1987) (BADEN-BADEN), 1987, 149-170
REYNOLDS, F., Some reservations about CISG New Trends in International Trade Law. Contributions on the occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the International Sale of Goods and Transportation, 287-297, Giappichelli, Torino 2000
SCHLECHTRIEM P. Arts. 14-24 CISG in: SCHLECHTRIEM P. / SCHWENZER I. (eds.), Commentary on UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG), 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, 176-280
SCHLECHTRIEM P. Artt. 14-24 CISG in: SCHLECHTRIEM P. / SCHWENZER I. (eds.), Kommentar zum Einheitlichen UN-Kaufrecht, 4th ed., C.H. Beck, München 2004, 217-306
SCHLECHTRIEM, P., The Borderline of Tort and Contract - Opening a New Frontier? (Cornell Symposium) 21 CORNELL INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 467-476 (1988)
SCHLECHTRIEM, P., Effectiveness and binding nature of declarations (notices, requests or other communications) under part II and part III of the CISG REVIEW OF THE CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS (CISG) 95-114 (1995)
SCHWENZER I./ MOHS F., Old Habits Die Hard: Traditional Contract Formation in a Modern World in Internationals Handelsrecht 6/2006, pp. 239 - 246
SONO, K., Restoration of the Rule of Reason in Contract Formation: Has There Been Civil and Common Disparity? (Cornell Symposium 1988) 21 CORNELL INTERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 477-486 (1988)
STOFFEL, W.A., Formation du contrat (Lausanner Kolloquium 19./20.11.1984) WIENER ÜBEREINKOMMEN VON 1980 ÜBER DEN INTERNATIONALEN WARENKAUF, SCHWEIZERISCHES INSTITUT FÜR RECHTSVERGLEICHUNG (ZÜRICH), 1985, 55-76
THIEFFRY, J., Les nouvelles règles de la vente internationale (Dossier/Symposium: la Convention de Vienne sur la vente internationale) DROIT ET PRATIQUE DU COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL, 1989, 369-384
WINSHIP P. Articles 14-24 CISG in: Ferrari F. / Flechtner H. / Brand R. (eds.), The Draft UNCITRAL Digest and Beyond: Cases, Analysis and Unresolved Issues in the U.N. Sales Convention, München (Sellier, European Law Publishers GmbH) / London (Sweet & Maxwell), 2004, 580-599
WINSHIP, P., Formation of International Sales Contracts under the 1980 Vienna Convention 17 THE INTERNATIONAL LAWYER 1-18 (1983)